Protection of the procedural rights of indigenous …

Overview and historical background of mining in South Africa 2. 1 Introduction 2.2 History of mining and its impact on South Africa 2.3 Overview of key challenges faced by Indigenous people in mining areas ii iii iv iii xii 1 1 9 9 9 9 16 2. 3. 1 Upholding of customary law by indigenous people on their communal land 19

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(PDF) Early Metal Working in Sub-Saharan Africa: A

This paper is a review of the course of research during the past decade into the history of indigenous metal working in sub-Saharan Africa. It comprises three sections: a summary of the chronology ...

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RACIAL DISCRIMINATION: THE FAILURE TO RECOGNISE INDIGENOUS …

The article examines the possibility of creating an indigenous legal pluralism within the South African context. Due to the historical and current marginalisation of customary law, can customary ...

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The Impact of Mining on Indigenous African Communities

Advancing sustainable mining practices. The detrimental effects of mining on indigenous African populations are extensive, influencing economic stability, environmental integrity, and cultural identity. Enhanced sustainability in mining necessitates more stringent environmental rules, improved safeguarding of indigenous land rights.

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Prehistoric mining in South Africa, and Iron Age copper …

Evers 7, Van del' Merwe, HaIls, and Mason related the Phalaborwa, Rooiberg, Harmony, and Vleifontein mines to the South African Iron Age, which is the technological tradition of the Black …

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Pre-colonial history of Southern Africa

Somewhat later, Sotho-Tswana people moved south into a large part of Gauteng and the Northwest Province. About 100 years earlier, the ancestors of Nguni-speaking people had moved from East Africa into the KwaZulu-Natal region. These Late Iron Age farmers left huge numbers of stonewalled settlements throughout South Africa.

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Miller, D. 2001. Indigenous iron production in southern Africa

The inception of metallurgy in southern Africa was characterised by small-scale production, as extrapolated from the modest amounts of metallurgical debris and metal artefacts (of both iron and ...

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indigenous mining of iron in south africa before morden …

Coal mining processing plant in Nigeria. This coal mining project is an open pit mine located in Nigeria, announced by mining company - Western Goldfields - that it has discovered 62,400,000 tonnes of proven reserves of coal deposits worth US$1.2 billion which could be used for the generation of electric power...

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2000 years of indigenous mining and metallurgy …

Metallurgy, and mining metal ores, was first introduced to southern Africa about 2000 yr ago by early farmers. During the first millennium AD iron and copper were exploited, with tin and gold...

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INDIGENOUS NEGOTIATIONS CASE STUDY Mining in …

INDIGENOUS NEGOTIATIONS CASE STUDY . Mining in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa . Prepared by Mr. Sinegugu Zukulu . 1. The Negotiation Challenge The government is imposing a heavy minerals mining project at Xholobeni, a community located on the northeastern coast of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. The mining project is backed ...

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2000 years of indigenous mining and metallurgy in …

Metallurgy, and mining metal ores, was first introduced to southern Africa about 2000 years ago by early farmers. During the first millennium AD iron and copper were exploited, with tin and gold being included by the beginning of the second millennium AD.

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Five largest iron ore mines in South Africa in 2020

The Beeshoek Iron Ore Mine, owned by African Rainbow Minerals, is a surface mine located in Northern Cape. The mine produced an estimated 2.99 MTPA of iron ore in 2020. The mine will operate until 2027.

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(PDF) Indigenous Gold Mining in Southern Africa: A …

The history of gold mining and gold trade in southern Africa goes back nearly 1000 years. Given the number of early gold mines and the records of lively trade on the east coast, the scale of ...

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South Africa's Iron Ore Industry

South Africa has built the model economy within Sub-Saharan Africa by exploiting its abundant mineral and natural resources. After emerging from apartheid in the 1990s, the nation has the

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Prehistoric mining in South Africa, and Iron Age copper …

The paper discusses the claim that the remains of mines in Southern Africa date from ancient times, rather than from a more modern period. The evidence indicates that these mines were excavated by Iron Age Black people, who moved into South Africa from about A.D. 100 onwards. Details are given of the finds made in 1981 in an investigation of the remains of copper mines …

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(PDF) Indigenous iron production in South …

PDF | On Nov 3, 2010, Foreman Bandama published Indigenous iron production in South Africa: an archaeometallurgical investigation of metal working at Rhenosterkloof 1, Limpopo Province | Find ...

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Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa

This paper summarizes indigenous mining methods used to collect metal ores in pre-colonial southern Africa, south of 15�S. These methods, for the purposes of discussion, are divided into sections in order of increasing organizational complexity, from scavenging, which only required basic equipment and a relatively minimal division of labour, to underground mines, …

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Miller, D.E. 1996. Indigenous mining and metallurgy in Southern Africa

The history of metallurgy in southern Africa (south of 15 degrees S) spans at least the past 1500 years. During the 1st millennium AD only iron and copper were worked, but in the 2nd millennium AD ...

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SOUTHERN

South Africa. The indigenous peoples of South Africa are the three San peoples (!Xun, Khwe and ‡Khomani) and the Khoekhoe, including Nama and Griqua. There is also mobilisation by a revivalist movement of Khoe descended people reclaiming identities that were extinguished during the colonial and apartheid periods of South African history.

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(PDF) Pre-colonial mining and metalworking in southern Africa…

African archaeometallurgy continues to attract a significant number of researchers from Europe and North America. This paper is based on our lived experiences as resident African archaeometallurgists.

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Smelter and Smith: Iron Age Metal Fabrication Technology in Southern Africa

Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 75 (1975), pp. 185-191. View in Scopus Google Scholar. 16. ... Miller, D. Indigenous iron production in southern Africa—archaeological observations and interpretation, Mediterranean Archaeology, 14. …

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Evidence of Iron Ore Mining in Southern Africa in the …

Guilhem Mauran Red Balloon rock shelter Middle Stone Age ochre assemblage and population's adaption to local resources in the Waterberg (Limpopo, South Africa), Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15, no.6 6 (May 2023).

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A history of mining in South Africa

Before the discovery, there were about 600 white farmers in the Witwatersrand region, which was considered well-populated at the time. Within a year of gold findings, the area had some 7 000 people with 3 000 living in Johannesburg. ... Mining in South Africa continues to transform the country to this day. Currently, the industry is mostly run ...

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Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa

southern Africa during the Iron Age8. Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa by A. Hammel*, C. White*, S. Pfeiffer†, and D. Miller‡ Synopsis This paper summarizes indigenous mining methods used to collect metal ores in pre-colonial southern Africa, south of 15°S. These methods, for the purposes of discussion, are divided into sections in

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[PDF] Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa

This paper summarizes indigenous mining methods used to collect metal ores in pre-colonial southern Africa, south of 15i?½S. These methods, for the purposes of discussion, are divided into sections in order of increasing organizational complexity, from scavenging, which only required basic equipment and a relatively minimal division of labour, to underground mines, which …

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2000 years of indigenous mining and metallurgy in southern Africa …

Metallurgy, and mining metal ores, was first introduced to southern Africa about 2000 years ago by early farmers. During the first millennium AD iron and copper were exploited, with tin and gold being included by the beginning of the second millennium ...

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2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING AND MINERALS …

southern Africa is the Thulamela settlement in the Kruger National Park, extant from the late 14th to the 17th century. Specularite has been mined in Swaziland for 28,000 years (Saunders, 1994, in RT6 Granville). Most of the pre-colonial mining practised in South Africa dates from the Late Iron Age. The activity was largely confined to the

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South Africa

New metallographic analyses of large assemblages enable the description of a comprehensive picture of indigenous metallurgy during the southern African Iron Age. Metal …

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Prehistoric mining in South Africa, and Iron Age …

and Vleifontein mines to the South African Iron Age, which is the technological tradition of the Black people in South Africa, whom Wagner would have identified as 'present day natives and their predecessors'. The present paper discusses the evidence for 'a really ancient tradition' and a 'more modern tradition' in South African prehistoric mining.

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(PDF) Pre-colonial mining in southern Africa

This paper reviews the historical, archaeological, and metallurgical evidence on Iron Age tin mining and tin smelt-ing in Southern Africa.

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Preindustrial Mining and Metallurgy in Africa

As the last block to take up metallurgy, Southern Africa is often uncritically assumed not to have had an in novative aptitude, but the historiography of mining and metallurgy of the whole sub ...

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Roots of Apartheid: South Africa's Mining Industry

The development of South Africa's mining industry, and how it laid the foundations for Apartheid Although some mining had taken place in what is now South Africa centuries before Europeans arrived, 1 the modern mining industry emerged as the major shaper of South Africa's economy and race relations in the latter half of the 19 th century ...

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The Rich History of Indigenous Mining of Iron in South Africa

The indigenous people of South Africa were mining iron long before the arrival of Europeans. Archaeological evidence shows that iron ore was being mined in the region as …

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Minerals and Mining in South Africa 4

Merensky Reef in 1926, leading to South Africa now pro-ducing 78% of the world's platinum. Other world-class deposits of the modern era include iron from Sishen and manganese from Kuruman. Keywords Diamonds · Gold · Mining · Minerals · Platinum · South Africa 4.1 nI troduction The mineral wealth of South Africa has been exploited by

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Indigenous Gold Mining in Southern Africa: A Review

South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 8: 91-99, 2000 93 Location of Early Gold Mines There are extensive Portuguese records from the late 15th century onwards of indigenous gold mining in south? ern Africa (Axelson 1960, 1969, 1973; Pikirayi 1993). In the documents studied and summarised by Axelson, there

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