Phosphate, phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum natural

The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K maintained in phosphate rock (PR), phosphoric acid (PA) and phosphogypsum (PG) samples and its possible radiation hazards, have been measured. The radionuclides in phosphate rock have been redistributed unsymmetrically between phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum during the production process. …

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Mosaic wants to test 'radioactive road' with 337 tons of phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum contains radium-226, which emits radiation during its decay to form radon, a potentially cancer-causing, radioactive gas, according to the EPA.

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Subpart R: National Emission Standards for Radon Emissions …

Other Uses of Phosphogypsum. Under certain conditions, phosphogypsum may be removed from stacks for outdoor agricultural purposes or indoor research and development. Any other use of phosphogypsum requires advance permission from EPA.

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(PDF) Radiological impact of natural radioactivity in Egyptian

The radiation hazard indices were calculated for evaluating the environmental impact of phosphogypsum and to decrease the content of radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, and 40K to the acceptable 2 level (El-Didamony et al., 2013).

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Introduction

Radiation and Phosphogypsum; Radiation and Phosphoric Acid; Radioactivity and Phosphatic Clay Ponds; Phosphate Companies and EPA's Toxic Release Inventory; 6 – Environment and Health. Phosphogypsum Stacks; Back to top. 1855 West Main Street. Bartow, Florida USA 33830. 863-583-9094. twitter; instagram; linkedin; youtube;

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Radiation and Phosphogypsum

• Phosphogypsum produced in North Florida contains roughly 5 – 10 picocuries per gram (pCi/g) of radium while phosphogypsum from Central Florida contains about 20 – 35 pCi/g radium. • The U.S. EPA prohibits the use of …

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Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues …

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues in the Phosphate Industry, Safety Reports Series No. 78, IAEA, Vienna (2013) Download to: EndNote BibTeX ... phosphogypsum, and the manufacture and use of phosphatic fertilizers among others.

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Notice of Approval for Other Use of Phosphogypsum

Any other use of phosphogypsum requires prior approval from the EPA. The EPA may approve a request for a specific use of phosphogypsum if it determines that the proposed use is at least as protective of public health as placement of phosphogypsum in a stack. The processes for requesting such an approval are described in 40 CFR 61.206.

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TENORM: Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes | Radiation …

Phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum is the primary waste byproduct of the wet-acid process for producing phosphoric acid. During this process sulfuric acid dissolves phosphate rock creating a solid/liquid mixture (slurry) of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate (phosphogypsum). ... Due to concerns over radiation exposure, the State of Idaho has ...

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Notice of Pending Approval for Other Use of Phosphogypsum…

Agencies. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [Federal Register Volume 89, Number 217 (Friday, November 8, 2024)] [Notices] [Pages 88762-88764] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [] [FR Doc No: 2024-25746] ----- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OAR-2024-0446; FRL-12398-01 …

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Phosphogypsum Stacks

This limit is based on the dose of radiation the EPA calculated that a person might receive under a series of scenarios in which phosphogypsum could be used. Most of the scenarios of use fell within EPA acceptable risk limits.

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Questions and Answers

Phosphogypsum is a byproduct of the fertilizer manufacturing process. It is produced when the phosphate rock we mine is combined with sulfuric acid to form phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum. ... EPA regulations required U.S. …

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RADIATION RISKS FROM SELECTED USES OF BY …

phosphogypsum also contains these radionuclides. The radium is of particular concern because it decays to form radon, a cancer-causing, radioactive gas. Phosphogypsum has few uses and is …

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Radiological characterization of phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum …

The values of radiation hazard parameters, outdoor and indoor absorbed dose rate (nGy h −1), and outdoor and indoor effective dose rate (mSv y −1) for phosphate rocks, Fertilizers, phosphoric acid, and phosphogypsum samples.

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry

The radiological evaluation of the phosphogypsum from series B and C indicates lowered values for radiation hazard indices, yet it remains unsuitable for direct use as a building material. Nonetheless, modifying the volume ratio between sulfuric acid and either nitric or hydrochloric acid has the potential to yield enhanced results.

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EPA approves use of radioactive phosphogypsum in roads, …

Phosphogypsum is a waste product formed when an acid solution is used to separate out the part of the rocks valuable for making fertilizer. It contains more concentrated radioactivity, so federal ...

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Radioactivity and Elemental Composition of Phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum is primarily CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, but also contains impurities of environmental concern such as residual acids, fluoride, heavy metals and naturally-occurring radionuclides. …

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Guest Op/Ed: Phosphogypsum and Radiation

The use of central Florida phosphogypsum will unnecessarily expose workers, the environment, and the general public to otherwise avoidable radon and gamma radiation exposure. Unlike some approaches used to "solve" water pollution problems, dilution of levels of radionuclides to acceptable low-levels is not feasible.

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Radioactivity in Future Phosphogypsum: New predictions …

Phosphogypsum (PG), a significant Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) (IAEA, 2003), is a by-product of phosphoric acid production from rock phosphate – a process that underpins inorganic P fertiliser production for agriculture.Global food production is currently dependent on inorganic P fertilisers so there has been much …

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RADIATION RISKS FROM SELECTED USES OF BY …

RADIATION RISKS FROM SELECTED USES OF BY-PRODUCT PHOSPHOGYPSUM Presented To: THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL DENVER, COLORADO 23-27 SEPTEMBER 2019 Presented By: Douglas Chambers, Ph.D. Arcadis Canada Inc. Support and advice from the Florida Industrial …

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TENORM: Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes | US EPA

Rock phosphate ore processing and disposal of phosphogypsum contribute to enhanced levels of natural radionuclides in the environment. The concentration of naturally …

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Radiation and Phosphoric Acid

Radiation and Phosphoric Acid • The phosphoric acid produced in Florida contains much of the uranium that was present in the mined ore, but little of the radium. • In the past, uranium was valuable enough that extraction facilities at the chemical plant sites were used to concentrate and remove it from the phosphoric acid as a solid product.

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Radioactivity in Future Phosphogypsum: New predictions …

Phosphogypsum (PG), a significant Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) (IAEA, 2003), is a by-product of phosphoric acid production from rock phosphate – a process that underpins inorganic P fertiliser production for agriculture. ... a significant route for human exposure to radiation (Hilal et al., 2015).

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Imminent Failure of Phosphogypsum Stack in Tampa Bay …

Phosphogypsum is the radioactive waste from processing phosphate ore into phosphoric acid, which is predominantly used in fertilizer. Manatee County officials have issued evacuation orders for the area surrounding Florida's Piney Point in anticipation of the imminent catastrophic collapse of a phosphogypsum stack retention pond holding up to ...

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Florida bill allowing radioactive roads made of …

Phosphogypsum is a material known by the EPA to contain a "potentially cancer-causing, radioactive gas," that's the second-leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S.

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EPA Approves Use of Phosphogypsum in Road Construction

Phosphogypsum is a byproduct material of phosphate fertilizer production. It is regulated for the presence of radium-226, a naturally occurring radioactive substance that produces radon gas, a hazardous air pollutant. The Clean Air Act requires the disposal of phosphogypsum in stacks, except for limited agricultural and research uses.

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Other Phosphate Deposits

Radiation and Phosphogypsum; Radiation and Phosphoric Acid; Radioactivity and Phosphatic Clay Ponds; Phosphate Companies and EPA's Toxic Release Inventory; 6 – Environment and Health. Phosphogypsum Stacks; Back to top. 1855 West Main Street. Bartow, Florida USA 33830. 863-583-9094. twitter; instagram; linkedin; youtube;

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Potential Uses of Phosphogypsum and Associated Risks: …

Phosphogypsum is only slightly soluble in water, about 2g per liter (EPA89a). Phosphogypsum contains appreciable quantities of radium-226, uranium, and other uranium decay products. …

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Frequent Questions: Radiation Protection | US EPA

Protecting Yourself from Radiation; Radiation Health Effects; Radiation Sources & Doses; Radiation Terms and Units; Radionuclides; Radiation Dose Calculator; Radiation Regulations & Laws; Federal Guidance for Radiation Protection; Radiological Emergency Response; Phosphogypsum; TENORM; Radiation Protection Document Library; Frequent …

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Phosphogypsum in Road Construction: Composition and …

The integration of phosphogypsum with asphalt and concrete presents intriguing possibilities for enhancing road construction materials. When combined with asphalt, phosphogypsum can act as a filler, improving the density and stability of the mix. This combination helps in reducing voids and enhancing the overall durability of the pavement.

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E-DOCKET: EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0442

2 Executive Summary: This document details the review performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Radiation Protection Division, in response to the Radiological Risk Assessment in Support of Petition for Beneficial Use of Phosphogypsum prepared for The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) (Arcadis 2019).

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Applying to EPA for Approval of Other Uses of …

Phosphogypsum: Preparing and Submitting a Complete Petition Under 40 CFR 61.206 A Workbook Prepared for: Radiation Protection Division Office of Radiation and Indoor Air U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (6608J) Washington, DC 20460 Prepared by: EC/R Incorporated 6330 Quadrangle Drive, Suite 325 Chapel Hill, NC 27517

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Subpart R: Resources | US EPA

Subpart R protects the public and the environment from the hazards of radioactive materials found in phosphogypsum.. Some Guidance on Applying for Approval for Other Uses of Phosphogypsum (pdf) (54.2 KB) This document provides "some guidance" in recognition that we will continue to add more guidance in response to your questions about how to apply for …

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Potential Uses of Phosphogypsum and Associated Risks: …

This risk is similar to that estimated for exposure to either direct gamma radiation or indoor radon when phosphogypsum containing only 3 pCi/g Ra-226 is applied at a rate of 227 kg (500 Ibs) per .acre (see Tables 4-12 and 4-13). Over 85 percent of the total risk is due to the presence of Pb-210 and Po-210, while the Ra-226 present contributes ...

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PHOSPHOGYPSUM: A Review of the Florida Institute …

Impurities in phosphogypsum, primarily fluorine and phosphates, complicate its use in any of the thermal processing schemes, but do not disqualify it from being used as a raw material. The plant in South Africa uses phosphogypsum as a feed stock, and the Polish plants are said to use a mixture of natural gypsum and phosphogypsum.

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Radiation and Your Environment: A Guide to Low-Level Radiation …

Background radiation has two components: (1) terrestrial radiation, resulting from the presence of naturally-occurring radioactive materials in the soil and earth, and including naturally-occurring radioactive materials deposited in the human body itself from the ingestion and inhalation pathways; and (2) cosmic radiation arising from outer space.

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