PROCESSING OF GOLD-BEARING SAND DUMPS: A CASE …

Heap or vat leaching is a process that has been extensively used for the recovery of valuable metals like copper, gold (Au) and silver. The ore is prepared for vat leaching by either crushing or ...

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AMIT 145: Lesson 7 Leaching – Mining Mill Operator Training

Leaching is the only process to extract metallic content from the low-grade ores. Among leaching methods — Heap leaching is most economical; ... Dissolved gases-Gas is injected below the agitator or into the vat bottom to achieve the desired dissolved gas levels. ... copper. The high S.G. (19.3) of gold means that that gold particles, even ...

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Producing Copper Nature's Way: Bioleaching

Capital costs at this level of operation were to be US$0.08/lb of copper and operating costs, as shown in Table 2, were estimated at US$0.34/lb of copper. 28 The average ore grade is 0.59% copper and the estimated recovery is 78.2%. The operation was upgraded to 180,000 tons per year before it was completed and to 250,000 tons per year in 2001.

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Gold Vat Leaching

In calculating the capacity of a leaching vat, the volume of a ton of raw ore may be taken at from 22 to 28 cubic feet when dry, and from 20 to 26 cubic feet when wetted down. ... It was originally proposed to treat ores containing gold, silver, and copper by a solution containing 3% of potassium cyanide and 0.19% of ammonium carbonate. Copper ...

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Seawater Leaching of Copper Oxides at Marcobre …

The vat loaded with crushed ore generated a wall deflection superior to 120 mm. Hence, reduced loading capacity as 6,000 in some vats. ... The tight cycles of vat leaching generates erratic copper ...

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How copper dump leaching works

If copper recovery depends on (1/d p) and the copper leaching rate depends on (1/d p) 2, leaching of ROM ore in dumps should be impossible, or at least so slow and marginal as to not be profitable.And yet dump leaching of copper secondary sulphides is practiced widely, with good recoveries and at rates rapid enough to be measurable (Yáñez et al., 2007, Bustos et al., …

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Copper recovery using leach/solvent …

The first process, vat leaching of high-grade copper oxide ore followed by EW of copper from the leach solution, produced low quality copper cathode at relatively high cost. In 1968 the tonnage of high-grade oxide ores was decreasing and vat leaching was on the decline.

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A-Z of Copper Ore Leaching

FOR DUMP, HEAP, VAT AND AGITATED LEACHING. SOME MAY NEED HEATING TO OBTAIN KINETICS FAST ENOUGH FOR AGITATED LEACHING. . COPPER WAD 10-80% LEACHABLE AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ... A-Z of Copper Ore Leaching 5 LEACHABILITY OF COPPER MINERALS • Leachability in sulphuric acid solutions varies enormously (see …

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Copper Dump Leaching and Management Practices That …

Vat leaching has been preferred to heap leaching in cases where high-grade ore requires crushing to permit adequate contact between the leach solution and the copper minerals. The …

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Technical Resource Document: Copper

EPA 530-R-94-031 NTIS PB94-200979 TECHNICAL RESOURCE DOCUMENT EXTRACTION AND BENEFICIATION OF ORES AND MINERALS VOLUME 4 COPPER August 1994 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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Application of Response Surface Methodology for …

hand when the cyanide to copper ratio at 2.5 is found, the gold leaching rate is low [14]. It was presented that copper cyanide ... feed materials (oxide ore) for vat leaching in small scale mines

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Treatment of copper-rich gold ore by cyanide leaching, …

Fig. 1 XRD profile of copper-rich gold ore sample Fig. 2 Sulphides of copper and other metals identified by SEM analysis of flotation concentrate produced from ore for mineralogical analysis 2.2 Leaching tests Leaching tests were conducted in baffled glass reactors (1000 mL in nominal capacity) into which leach solutions (480 mL) and the ore ...

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Leaching in Metallurgy and Metal Recovery

Vat Leaching. 1) Vat Leaching: Also known as "agitated tank" leaching, the lixiviant comes into contact with the metal material in large vats or tanks, which can be stirred, enhancing the reaction kinetics. The metal containing solid, such as concentrate, ore, residue, or slag, often undergoes size reduction via crushing and grinding prior ...

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A-Z of Copper Ore Leaching

A-Z of Copper Ore Leaching 45 1. Designed 5.1% Cu ore to produce 60,000 tpa copper cathodes with a recovery of 90% . 2. The copper mineralogy is predominantly chalcocite contained within weathered sediments (clay). 3. Atmospheric ferric leaching with oxygen and air at 80°C for 8 hours in 4 stages each with 1200 m3 live volume. 4.

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Treatment of a Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Ammonia Assisted Cyanide Leaching

Fleming et al. (2011) pointed out that as of 2009, more than 20% of the global gold production was from copper -gold ores. The process of gold recovery from these ores is often associated with ...

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A Review of the Development and Current Status of Copper …

Domic [164] described the introduction of vat leaching percolation (followed by direct electrowinning of copper) in 1915 at Chuquicamata and in 1928 at Potrerillos, and noted the first solvent ...

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Leaching: Types, Methods, Advantages, Disadvantages

Heap and in-situ leaching characteristics are combined in dump leaching. Depending on the dump location, an impermeable layer may or may not be employed in a dump leach. The ore is dumped to allow similar processing to heap leaching, but the geological conditions of the area allow a valley or pit to act as the sump. Vat leaching

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Heap Leaching

Heap leaching is the most important method of hydrometallurgical copper extraction. Heap leaching is used for treating oxide and lower-grade secondary sulfide ores that contain up to ∼2% Cu. The ore is crushed to a uniform particle size (typically 12–50 mm), often agglomerated, and then stacked on large flat-topped heaps in a controlled manner.. Heaps are typically ∼7 m high …

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Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables

Leaching of copper from a Jordanian copper ore has been studied using a stirred batch reactor with hydrochloric acid as the main lixiviant, under the following conditions:

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Acid Leaching

The flowsheet discussed in this study is for treatment of 100 tons per day oxide-sulfide copper ore by the leaching process using sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate solvent. This flowsheet would also be suitable for a larger tonnage by proper sizing of the various units of equipment. The flowsheet contemplates a six to seven day leach-wash cycle with ...

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XA04N0873

production. About 200,000 tons of copper a year is being won by heap and vat leaching of ore, dump leaching of waste, and in-place leaching of caved underground workings. Although in-place leaching was practiced as long ago as the 15th century, it is little used and contributes only a few percent of the total leach copper production.

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Heap Leaching as a Key Technology for Recovery of …

Finally, vat leaching refers to placing more finely crushed ore (1-10 mm) in a large basin ... gold ores, acid leaching for copper oxide ores and oxidative acid leaching of secondary

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Submerged Vat Leaching VS Trickle Leaching

Ore is crushed to optimum size for copper extraction using two or three-stage crushing. This size will typically be from ¾ inch to 3/8-inch top size. The crushed ore is then bedded in a vat with special care to prevent …

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Leaching of Copper Ores: Effects of Operating Variables

Leaching of copper from a Jordanian copper ore has been studied using a stirred batch reactor with hydrochloric acid as the main lixiviant, under the following conditions: temperature 25 – 45 oC ...

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Seawater Leaching of Copper Oxides at Marcobre …

Blancos in 1961, start operating a copper oxide vat leaching-SX-EW in Chile. Typical vat leaching treats ore sizes between 6 to 12 mm either deslimed or agglomerated. The vats are

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Leaching Practices at Mantos Blancos

Mantos Blancos oxide plant was commissioned in 1960 with a capacity of 6,000 t/d using vat leaching to dissolve the copper. Continuous improvements allowed the process by the end of …

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Bioleaching: Introduction, Methods, Application, Copper, Microorganisms

Mechanism of Copper Leaching: During the oxidation of Chalcopyrite the following reaction occurs: 2CuFeS 2 + 8 ½ O 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 CuSO 4 + Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 + H 2 O . ... Ore leaching by microbes has potential for use in the extraction of other metals such as zinc, cobalt and nickel. New reactor systems are likely to be developed to increase ...

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Vat Leaching Flowsheet Design Parameters. | Download …

Download Table | Vat Leaching Flowsheet Design Parameters. from publication: NSC Hydrometallurgical Pressure Oxidation of Combined Copper and Molybdenum Concentrates | The need for copper and ...

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Gold Ore Tank leaching vs. Vat leaching

Tank leaching is usually differentiated from vat leaching on the following factors: In tank leaching the material is ground sufficiently fine to form a slurry or pulp, which can flow under gravity or when pumped. In vat leaching typically a coarser material is placed in the vat for leaching, this reduces the cost of size reduction;

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Copper Heap Leaching & SX-EW Slideshow

Heap leaching & SX-EW is a method of extracting pure copper from oxide ore by placing the crushed ore on a pad in a heap and spraying the leaching solution, sulphuric acid, over the heap. The acid trickles through the heap and dissolves the copper mineral into solution. The leach solution collects at the bottom of the pad in a collection pond.

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Copper Mineral Leaching Mathematical Models—A Review

Mineral leaching is the key unit operation in metallurgical processes and corresponds to the dissolution of metals. The study of leaching is carried out in many areas, such as geology, agriculture and metallurgy. This paper provides an introduction to the theoretical background regarding the mathematical modelling of the leaching process of copper minerals, …

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PROCESS EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR …

mineral concentrates but recover the desired values by either dump, heap, vat or in-situ leaching of ore. Techniques and processes must be developed for leaching various metals from ore and …

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Copper Leaching Practices

The ore treated by vat leaching at the Weed Heights operation of The Anaconda Company (fig. 20) is predominately oxide ore containing 0.59 percent copper. Approximately 86,000 tons of ore is treated per week in eight vats, each measuring 120 feet wide, 139 feet …

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Alta2009continuous Vat Leaching

The document summarizes the first copper pilot trials using continuous vat leaching. It describes how the process works using intermittent fluidization to achieve leaching kinetics comparable to agitated tanks at lower cost. Bottle roll and column tests on a copper ore sample in Chile achieved 78% recovery in 72 hours using dilute sulfuric acid leaching. A 15 tonne pilot plant test at SGS ...

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