A Study on Classification of Limonite and Saprolite …

Nickel laterite ore is classified into two principal ore types: saprolite (silicate ore) and limonite (oxide ore). Saprolite-type ore characterized by high magnesia and silica contents is treated by pyrometallurgy process. On the …

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perbedaan limonit dan saprolit

Ingin mengetahui perbedaan antara limonit dan saprolit? Artikel ini akan menjelaskan secara mendalam karakteristik dari kedua jenis material tersebut serta perbedaan signifikan yang membedakan keduanya. Dapatkan pemahaman yang kokoh tentang limonit dan saprolit secara ilmiah dan komprehensif di sini.

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KARAKTERISTIK PENGAYAAN LOGAM SKANDIUM (Sc) PADA …

Laterite nickel deposits are divided into several zones is overburden, limonite, saprolite and bedrock. The division of zones is based on physical and geochemical characteristics. The process of enrichment of nickel metal (Ni) in laterite nickel deposits is concentrated in the saprolite zone. During the weathering and enrichment process in ...

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Kinetic study in selective reduction of limonitic and saprolitic …

Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work investigates the kinetic study of these two different kinds of lateritic nickel ores. Nickel ore, coal, sodium sulfate, and calcium oxide were mixed, then pelletised into 10–15 mm diameters. ...

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Study of selective reduction in lateritic nickel ore: Saprolite versus

Both for limonite and saprolite, without the addition of sodium sulfate, the high intensity of ferronickel was found higher than with the addition of additives, as shown in Fig. 7. Nevertheless, from Fig. 6, it has a lower nickel grade in concentrate. Sodium sulfate is acted as an inhibitor for iron metallization in the selective reduction process.

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Kinetic study in selective reduction of limonitic and saprolitic …

Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work investigates the kinetic study of these two ...

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XRD patterns for nickel laterites; (a) limonite …

Chen et al. [102] investigated the reduction of pelletized saprolite and limonite nickel ore with torrefied oil palm fiber at temperatures between 900 °C and 1400 °C. The limonite ore was also ...

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Analisis Perbandingan Pencampuran Bijih Nikel High Grade …

The aim of this research is to determine the Ni content of high grade limonite and low grade saprolite at the research location, and to determine the Ni content of high grade limonite and low ...

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Difference value between limonite and saprolite depth from …

Besides that, the depth differences between limonite and saprolite bottom from borehole data and those interpreted by GPR and ERT data are summarized in Table 2. In the interpretation of limonite ...

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Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite-Limonite …

The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C with 1 h holding time and magnetic separation for getting to know the optimum nickel grade and recovery.

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Study of selective reduction in lateritic nickel ore: Saprolite …

Saprolite has higher basicity than limonite. The difference between magnesium and silicon oxide in lateritic nickel ore plays an important role in the selective reduction process. Therefore, in this work, the selective reduction of saprolite and limonite was carried out to reveal the effect of lateritic nickel ore basicity (MgO/SiO 2 ratio) on phase transformation and …

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Nickel Laterites: The World's Largest Source of Nickel

The saprolite and limonite zones tend to contain the higher grades of Ni and can range from 1.5-3% and 1.2-1.7% respectively. How do they form? Many factors affect the formation of nickel laterites, including the original rock the soil develops from, the climate, the rate in which weathering occurs, drainage of groundwater and the tectonic setting.

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science …

off) obtained by the boundary zone of limonite-saprolite and saprolite-bedrock boundary for each point of the drill. The entire drill data on the track then correlated to form a cross-section shown in Figure 2. The divisions own profile in accordance with that proposed by Waheed (2009). It was clear enough

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Limonite and saprolite heap leach process

The blended limonite and saprolite preferably has a quartz content greater than 28% wt, more preferably, the blend will have a quartz content in the range of from 32% to 86% wt. An advantage of the process of the present invention is that the run of mine ore may be used without post mining separation and/or classification, which includes ...

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(PDF) Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of the …

of two main zones—the limonite and saprolite zones—separated by a thin transition zone. Late-stage, Ni-rich serpentine garnierite veins are observed to crosscut the saprolite zone.

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Indirect bioleaching of low-grade nickel limonite and saprolite …

The limonite and saprolite ores used in this study were obtained from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia and were ground to obtain the grain sizes of − 250 + 177 μm, − 177 + 149 μm, and − 149 + 75 μm. ED-XRF analysis of limonite and saprolite samples determined their chemical composition as summarized in Table 1.

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Ni(Co) Laterite Deposits of Southeast Asia: A Review and …

The saprolite and limonite layers of Ni laterites of SE Asia generally display an increase in Ni contents relative to those of the bedrock, which can be explained by ion exchange processes between the weathering solution and primary minerals [27,30,31,32,33,34,67].

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Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite-Limonite …

The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C ...

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Open Access proceedings Journal of Physics: Conference …

three composition of samples: limonite, saprolite, and mixed of them. The mixed samples are made by mixing saprolite with limonite with a ratio of 1: 1 (% by weight). The chemical composition listed in table 1. Table 1. Chemical composition of sampel limonite, saprolite and mix saprolite-limonite 1:1 (%w/w). Ore Ni Total Fe Total MgO SiO. 2. Al ...

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Identifikasi Limonite Saprolite Dan Bedrock Pada Nickel …

Dokumen tersebut memberikan panduan untuk mengidentifikasi tiga lapisan utama pada nikel laterit yaitu lapisan limonite, saprolite, dan bedrock berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik dan mineralnya. Lapisan limonite ditandai dengan warna kuning dan merah serta mengandung mineral besi, manganese, dan hematite. Lapisan saprolite berwarna hijau dan mengandung mineral nikel …

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Selatan Kabupaten Bombana, Provinsi Sulawesi …

The limonite zone and the saprolite zone are included in the lateritic soil and have different nickel levels. Lateritic soil has resistivity contrast to bedrock, then resistivity data can be used to model lateritic nickel precipitate. The aquisition of resistivity data using Electrical ...

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Atmospheric acid leaching of nickel laterites review

Rather than employing an appropriate limonite/saprolite ore blend, pilot work on this process involved pugging of a limonite/acid mixture and subsequent grinding of the cured pug with crushed saprolite to prepare the leach slurry (Verbaan et al., 2007). The process was acknowledged to be robust and resulted in leach extractions of 87% nickel ...

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Thermal Upgrading Effect: Saprolite versus Limonite

In this research, the thermal upgrading efect will be investigated on saprolite vs limonite by using material characterization to give information on the optimal process for extracting them. …

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Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite-Limonite …

The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C with 1 h holding time and magnetic separation for getting to know the optimum nickel grade and recovery. All samples are analyzed with XRD, ICP, and SEM-EDS to get info on the phases, element percent, and morphology.

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Thermal Upgrading Effect: Saprolite versus Limonite

According to DTA, saprolite and limonite have the same phase transition from goethite to hematite at low temperatures (250 °C); at 900 °C the magnesioferrite crystallization for limonite and the ...

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Our Business — Nickel Asia Corporation

Our saprolite ore comes in two types: high-grade and mid-grade, while our limonite ore are high-iron and low-grade. Most of our high-grade saprolite ore are sold to Pacific Metals Co., Ltd. …

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(PDF) Atmospheric acid leaching of nickel …

Rather than employing an appropriate limonite/ saprolite ore blend, pilot work on this process involved pugging of a limonite/acid mixture and subsequent grinding of the cured pug with crushed saprolite to prepare the leach slurry (Verbaan et …

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Hydrometallurgical process and recovery of valuable …

Ogura et al. [44] conducted a mineralogical analysis of the Rio Tuba mine and found that there are obvious limonite layers and saprolite layers in the profile. The main minerals of the limonite layer are goethite, magnetite, hematite, maghemite, and a small amount of chromite. In addition, irregularly intermixed particles composed of manganite ...

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Kinetic study in selective reduction of limonitic and saprolitic …

Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work investigates the kinetic …

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Comparative Analysis of Water Content in Laterite Nickel …

Comparative analysis of water content in limonite and saprolite zone laterite nickel deposits in the North Morowali Region needs to be known for mine planning needs. The presence of water in the limonite and saprolite zone samples is influenced by groundwater or water infiltration from the surface. Factors that affect the

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Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Garnierite …

The limonite horizon is a reddish-brown soil consisting of clay minerals. It is 2–7 m thick with a undulating boundary between limonite and saprolite at some places. Two distinct zones are recognized in the limonite horizon, the lower yellow limonite and upper red limonite.

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